Posted on 02 June 2011.
BLOOMBERG:
Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (GS), the fifth- biggest U.S. bank by assets, received a subpoena from the Manhattan District Attorney’s office seeking information on the firm’s activities leading into the credit crisis, according to two people familiar with the matter.
Posted in STOP FORECLOSURE FRAUD0 Comments
Posted on 02 June 2011.
UPDATE: Filed 5/31/11; partial pub. cert. & mod. 6/28/11 (see end of opn.)
The opinion in the above-entitled matter filed on May 31, 2011, was not certified for publication in the Official Reports. For good cause it now appears that the opinion should be partially published in the Official Reports and it is so ordered.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
(El Dorado)
—-
ROBERT HERRERA et al.,
Plaintiffs and Appellants,
v.
DEUTSCHE1 BANK NATIONAL TRUST COMPANY
et al.,
Defendants and Respondents.
EXCERPT:
Defendants also relied on Brignac’s declaration, which declared that the 2003 deed of trust permitted the beneficiary to appoint successor trustees. Brignac, however, did not simply declare the identity of the beneficiary and the new trustee under the 2003 deed of trust. Instead, she declared that an Assignment of Deed of Trust and a Substitution of Trustee were recorded on February 27, 2009. These facts add nothing to the judicially noticed documents; they establish only that the documents were recorded.
Brignac further declared that “[t]he Assignment of Deed of Trust indicates that JPMorgan Bank [sic], successor in interest to Washington Mutual Bank, successor in interest to Long Beach Mortgage Company, transfers all beneficial interest in connection with the [deed of trust] to Deutsche Bank National Trust Company as Trustee for Long Beach Mortgage Loan Trust 2003-4.” (Italics added.) This declaration is insufficient to show the Bank is the beneficiary under the 2003 deed of trust. A supporting declaration must be made on personal knowledge and “show affirmatively that the affiant is competent to testify to the matters stated.” (Code Civ. Proc., § 437c, subd. (d).) Brignac’s declaration does not affirmatively show that she can competently testify the Bank is the beneficiary under the 2003 deed of trust. At most, her declaration shows she can testify as to what the Assignment of Deed of Trust “indicates.” But the factual contents of the assignment are hearsay and defendants offered no exception to the hearsay rule prior to oral argument to make these factual matters admissible.
At oral argument, defendants contended that the recorded documents were actually business records and admissible under the business record exception. We note that Brignac did not provide any information in her declaration establishing that the sources of the information and the manner and time of preparation were such as to indicate trustworthiness.
….
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Posted in STOP FORECLOSURE FRAUD1 Comment
Posted on 02 June 2011.
Bky. No. 10-15489 ELF.
United States Bankruptcy Court, E.D. Pennsylvania.
May 27, 2011.
ERIC L. FRANK, Bankruptcy Judge
Excerpts:
In order to place the present dispute in the proper procedural perspective, it is helpful to summarize certain background information regarding this chapter 13 case.
On July 27, 2010, less than four weeks after the commencement of the case, Everhome, as Servicer for Everbank, filed a proof of claim (Claim No. 3) (“the Proof of Claim”). The Proof of Claim is in the amount of $103,973.26 and states that the claim is secured by the Property. The Proof of Claim also states that instalment payments on the loan are delinquent from March 1, 2005 at $677.07 per month and that the total pre-petition delinquency on the loan is $63,703.80.[6]
The Debtor filed his bankruptcy schedules on August 3, 2010 and a chapter 13 plan on August 4, 2010. (Doc. #’s 15, 16).
In his bankruptcy schedules (“the Schedules”), the Debtor disclosed a one-half ownership interest in the Property. (Doc. # 15, Schedule A).[7] He disclosed the current value of his one-half interest in the Property as $50,000.00. I infer from the Debtor’s disclosure that he calculated the value of his interest in the property by dividing in half the value of the entire Property (i.e., $100,000.00 divided by two).
In his bankruptcy schedules, the Debtor also disclosed that the Property is encumbered by a mortgage in the amount of $103,973.26. In Schedule D, the Debtor identified three creditors as mortgage holders:
(1) MERS, Inc. as Nominee for Everhome Mortgage Co.;[8]
(2) Michael J. Clark, Esquire; and
(3) Everhome Mortgage Co., Inc.
(Doc. # 15, Schedule D).
In Schedule D, the Debtor also disclosed that the Property was encumbered by three municipal liens (two in favor of “Philadelphia Gas Works” and one in favor of “Water Revenue”) in the aggregate amount of $12,364.30.
The Debtor filed a chapter 13 plan (“the Plan”) on August 4, 2010. (Doc. # 16). In substance, the Plan proposed for the Debtor to pay $5.00 per month for 60 months ($300.00 total) to the Chapter 13 Trustee. In addition, the Plan provided for the Debtor to sell the Property and distribute the proceeds in full satisfaction of the allowed secured claim of the holder of the note and mortgage on the Property and the other claims secured by the Property, with any remaining sale proceeds to be turned over to the Trustee.
The Plan made no reference to value the of the Property or the fact that the total amount due on the secured claims, as disclosed on his Schedules, exceeds the value of the Property. The Plan did not explain how the Debtor would be able to consummate the proposed sale or how any net proceeds would be available to the Trustee from the sale of a $100,000 asset encumbered by more than $116,000.00 in liens. The Plan set no deadline for the sale of the Property. But see In re Erickson, 176 B.R. 753, 757 (Bankr. E.D. Pa. 1995) (suggesting that a chapter 13 plan that features the sale of the debtor’s property must state the terms and time of the contemplated sale).
I find the following facts based on the testimony presented and the documents introduced into evidence at the March 17, 2011 hearing.
1. Everhome and Everbank are separate entities.
2. Everbank is the parent company of Everhome.
3. Everhome “services” mortgages held by Everbank, by accepting payments from borrowers and tracking those payments and any defaults that arise under the mortgage.
4. On November 18, 1998, the Debtor entered into a mortgage loan transaction (“the Original Transaction”) with Home Mortgage, Inc. (“HMI”).
5. The mortgage loan transaction was guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration.
6. In the Original Transaction, the Debtor signed a note (“the Note”) and a mortgage (“the Mortgage”) against the Property in favor of HMI. (See Ex. M-2).
7. The Mortgage states that it secures repayment of a debt evidenced by the Note. (Id.).
8. On June 30, 2000, HMI, acting through its Vice President, Teresa N. Jones, executed a written assignment, assigning the Mortgage to PrimeWest Mortgage Corporation (“PrimeWest”).
9. The HMI — PrimeWest assignment was recorded in the Philadelphia Department of Records on July 28, 2000. (Ex. M-4).
10. On June 1, 2005, PrimeWest, acting through its Vice President, Tanya Ault, executed a written assignment, assigning the Mortgage to Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. (“MERS”), “as nominee for Everhome Mortgage Company.” (Ex. M-5).
11. The PrimeWest — MERS/Everhome assignment was recorded in the Philadelphia Department of Records on October 25, 2005. (Ex. M-5).
12. On March 8, 2011, MERS, again as “as nominee for Everhome Mortgage Company,” and acting through Ann Johnson, Assistant Secretary, and Marcie Metcalf, Vice President, executed a written assignment, assigning the Mortgage to Everbank. (Ex. M-7).
13. The March 8, 2011 MERS — Everbank mortgage assignment was unrecorded as of March 17, 2011, the date of the hearing in this contested matter.
14. Attached to the Note is a blank endorsement executed by an individual purportedly acting on behalf of PrimeWest.
15. Everhome does not have physical possession of the Note.
16. U.S. Bank has physical possession of the Note.
17. Everhome considers U.S. Bank to be acting as Everhome’s “custodian” in maintaining physical possession of the Note.[9]
18. The record does not reflect when U.S. Bank came into possession of the Note.[10]
19. On September 14, 2005, MERS, acting in its own name (and without the qualifying reference “as nominee”) filed a complaint in mortgage foreclosure (“the Complaint”) against the Debtor in the Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, docketed at No. 1150, Sept. Term 2005. (Ex. D-1).
20. In the Complaint, MERS alleged, without any qualification, that it is “the original Mortgagee named in the Mortgage, the legal successor in interest to the original Mortgagee, or is the present holder of the mortgage by . . . Assignment(s).” (Ex. D-1, Complaint ¶2).[11]
21. As of July 2, 2010, MERS’ motion for summary judgment, which the Debtor contested, was pending.
22. The Debtor commenced this chapter 13 bankruptcy case on July 2, 2010.
23. On July 27, 2010, Everhome, acting “as servicer for Everbank,” filed a proof of claim, asserting a claim secured by the Property in the amount of $103,973.26, with pre-petition arrears of $63,703.80.
24. On October 4, 2010, Everhome, again acting “as servicer for Everbank,” initiated this contested matter by filing the Motion, alleging that it is the “holder of a secured claim” against Debtor, secured by a first mortgage on the Property.
25. The Motion requests that the court grant Everhome relief from the automatic stay “to foreclose upon and to otherwise exercise its rights with respect to the [Property].”
26. Since the commencement of this bankruptcy case, the Debtor has made no payments to Everhome or Everbank.
On the present record, Everhome has not established that it is a party in interest entitled to seek relief from the automatic stay under 11 U.S.C. §362(d) in order to prosecute a foreclosure action against the Property. Everhome has not presented sufficient evidence to permit a finding that it is either: (1) the holder of the mortgage, with the concomitant right to enforce it under Pennsylania law or (2) an agent authorized by the holder of the Mortgage to initiate court proceedings to enforce the Mortgage on the holder’s behalf.
When it filed the Motion, Everhome had a record interest in the Mortgage in the form of the 2005 mortgage assignment from PrimeWest to MERS “as nominee for Everhome.”[20] As stated above, Pennsylvania law unequivocally provides that a mortgage holder may enforce the mortgage in a judicial foreclosure proceeding. See Part III.B.2., supra. Thus, at first blush, Everhome would have appeared to be a party in interest when it filed the Motion. However, other evidence presented conclusively contradicted Everhome’s apparent status as the mortgage holder.
Most significantly, during the hearing, Everhome made no claim that it is the mortgage holder. All of the evidence it presented, through Mr. Ricketson’s testimony, was designed to prove that Everhome is servicing the Mortgage on behalf of its parent company, Everbank. Everhome made no effort to harmonize this position with the inconsistent language in the 2005 mortgage assignment from PrimeWest to MERS — Everhome. Everhome’s own position in the litigation, by itself, makes it impossible to accord it “party in interest” status as the holder of the Mortgage.
Further, by the time the hearing was held in this contested matter, another mortgage assignment had been executed, which on its face removed Everhome as the beneficial mortgagee. Although the March 2011 assignment from MERS to Everbank was not recorded, under Pennsylvania law, the allegation that a party is the owner of a mortgage that is not yet recorded is sufficient to permit that party to proceed as a plaintiff in an action in mortgage foreclosure. Mallory, 982 A.2d at 993. Thus, Everhome’s own evidence tended to prove that Everbank, not Everhome, is the party in interest with the right to enforce the Mortgage under applicable nonbankruptcy law.[21]
Everbank has not made a preliminary showing that it is a holder of the Mortgage with a right of enforcement. Therefore, Everhome may be a party in interest only if the evidence shows that Everhome has been authorized by the party that has the right to enforce the Mortgage to initiate legal proceedings on its behalf.
Everhome’s position is that the Mortgage is held by Everbank and that as the servicer of the Mortgage, it has authority to file a motion for relief from the automatic stay. The Debtor does not concede this.
A number of courts have upheld the authority of a mortgage loan servicer to file a proof of claim on behalf of the mortgage holder.[22] Most of the reported decisions also hold that a mortgage loan servicer has standing and is a party in interest entitled to prosecute a motion for relief from the automatic stay.[23]
After reviewing the relevant case law, I conclude that a servicer’s financial interest in the debtor’s unpaid stream of mortgage payments satisfies the initial, and most fundamental, requirement for “party in interest” status (“injury in fact”), but does not automatically meet the prudential requirement that the movant assert its own legal rights, not that of a third party.
Most commonly, as in this case, a motion for relief from the automatic stay requests that the bankruptcy court authorize the movant to initiate or resume a foreclosure against the secured property. The purpose of the foreclosure action is to subject the secured property to sale, thereby permitting the secured creditor to realize its collateral. In Pennsylvania, it is the mortgage holder that has the right to pursue an action in mortgage foreclosure. Therefore, even though the servicer has an economic interest in the revenue stream generated by the mortgage, the relief requested in a stay relief motion — the right to pursue foreclosure proceedings against the collateral — involves the enforcement of the rights of the mortgage holder, not the servicer. Thus, the servicer’s economic stake in the mortgage does not necessarily mean that the servicer is a party in interest that may seek relief from the automatic stay in order to proceed with foreclosure.
That said, even though the in rem rights to be enforced following the grant of relief from the automatic stay may be those of the mortgage holder and not the servicer, the servicer may nonetheless be a party in interest in the bankruptcy case, with the right to prosecute a stay relief motion, if the servicer is acting within the scope of its authority as the mortgage holder’s agent. Whether it has such authority depends on the content of the servicing agreement between the mortgage holder and the servicer. That agreement may or may not be broad enough in scope as to delegate to the servicer the authority to initiate and manage foreclosure litigation on the mortgage holder’s behalf.[24]
A servicer can establish its authority to initiate the legal action if it demonstrates that its contractual duties to the mortgage holder include not just the collection of payments, but also the conduct of mortgage foreclosure and other legal proceedings on the holder’s behalf. Such authority includes the power to move for relief from the automatic stay in the bankruptcy court. See Martinez, 2011 WL 996705, at *5; Jacobson, 402 B.R. at 367; Woodbury, 383 B.R. at 379. Stated in slightly different terms, a servicer may have standing and be a party in interest if it files the motion for relief from the automatic stay in its capacity as the holder’s attorney-in-fact. See Hwang I, 396 B.R. at 767.[25]
Reduced to its essence, to establish its status as a party in interest entitled to seek relief from the automatic stay under 11 U.S.C. §362(d) in order to enforce legal remedies for a default under a mortgage, a mortgage servicer must demonstrate that:
(1) the initiation of the stay relief motion in the bankruptcy court is within the scope of authority delegated to the servicer by its principal and
(2) the principal itself is a party in interest (i.e., its principal is a party with the right to enforce the mortgage).
In this case, assuming arguendo that the record supports a finding that Everbank is the mortgage holder with the authority to enforce the Mortgage in foreclosure proceedings, but see n. 21, supra, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the scope of Everhome’s authority as servicer. The parties’ servicing agreement was not introduced into evidence; nor were its particulars described by Everhome’s trial witness. In his testimony, Mr. Ricketson described Everhome as having the authority to collect payments, track payments and determine when an the account is in default. There was no evidence that Everbank has appointed Everhome as its agent for the purpose of initiating legal proceedings to enforce the Mortgage.
This is a fatal gap in the evidence. I am unwilling to assume that the mere label of “servicer” is sufficient to cloak Everhome with authority to file a legal action on Everbank’s behalf.
Given the Debtor’s denial of Everhome’s asserted party in interest status in his written response to the Motion, some evidence of Everhome’s authority was necessary and that evidence was not offered. As the Wilhelm court stated
At the pleading stage, plaintiffs in federal court may rely on the allegations of their complaint to establish standing. Similarly, stay relief movants may initially rely upon their motion. But if a trustee or debtor objects to a stay relief motion based upon lack of standing, the movant must come forward with evidence. Additionally, if the stay relief motion itself reveals a lack of standing, movants cannot rest on the pleadings.
407 B.R. at 400 (citation omitted); see also Jacobson, 402 B.R. at 370 (“At a minimum, there must be an unambiguous representation or declaration setting forth the servicer’s authority from the present holder . . . to collect on the note and enforce [the mortgage]“).
Accordingly, the Motion must be denied.[26]
This is a case in which the Debtor was substantially in arrears on his home mortgage when he commenced this bankruptcy case, has not paid his monthly mortgage payment over a number of months since filing the case and proposed a chapter 13 plan that contemplates the sale of his residence and that, on its face, is of questionable feasibility due to the apparent lack of equity in the Property. Without prejudging the merits of the motion for relief from the automatic stay, there is no question that the mortgagee has a good faith basis for pressing a motion for relief from the automatic stay.
At the same time, however, it is understandable why the Debtor responded to the Motion by demanding proof that Everhome was the proper party to come before the court. From his perspective, Everhome’s role in the mortgage relationship is, at best, opaque. Prior to the bankruptcy filing it was MERS (purporting, at least initially, to act in its own right), not Everhome or Everbank, that filed the foreclosure action against Debtor in state court. And, as the evidence revealed, Everhome holds itself out as merely the mortgage servicer and not the mortgage holder. There is no doubt that the Debtor acted in good faith in disputing Everhome’s status as a party in interest. In fact, the Debtor’s position was meritorious. At trial, Everhome failed to come forward with sufficient evidence to establish its party in interest status, resulting in the denial of the relief Everhome requested from this court.
To the extent that the outcome in this matter may appear anomalous due to the apparent merits of the request for stay relief and the seemingly technical nature of the issue regarding the identity of the proper moving party, the fault lies with the moving party. When a party claiming to be a secured creditor seeks relief from the automatic stay, the Debtor and the bankruptcy court are entitled to insist that the moving party show that it is the holder of the secured claim or that it is the authorized agent of the holder. This imposes an evidentiary burden “that is not difficult to meet,” requiring only “present[ation of] the rudimentary elements of its claim.” In re Salazar, 2011 WL 1398478, at *2, 3 (Bankr. S.D. Cal. Apr. 12, 2011). Indeed, in this case, the evidentiary shortfall does not appear to have been insurmountable.
In the age of mortgage securitization, meeting the evidentiary burden imposed by the “party in interest” requirement of 11 U.S.C. §362(d) may be a somewhat more cumbersome task for certain stay relief movants than it was for residential mortgagee—movants in the past, but that does not justify diluting the fundamental constitutional and statutory requirement that a party be a “party in interest” before it may obtain redress from a federal bankruptcy court. Any added burden is a product of the business model chosen by the mortgage finance industry and therefore, is simply part of the mortgage loan industry’s cost of doing business. Presumably, the cost is offset by the benefits of the mortgage securitization system.
Furthermore, while a moving creditor may believe that its status as a party in interest is self-evident, the court cannot rule based on factual assumptions or evidentiary leaps. Our legal system is governed by the core principle that court decisions are based on the evidence presented to the court. That principle cannot be compromised because a particular industry has chosen a business model that complicates its legal affairs and makes it inconvenient to come forward with the evidence needed to establish its status as a proper party. In the final analysis, the Motion must be denied to protect the integrity of the legal process.
For these reasons, I will deny the Motion without prejudice.
….
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Posted in STOP FORECLOSURE FRAUD0 Comments
Posted on 02 June 2011.
Case No. 10-44610-E-7, Adv. Pro. No. 11-2024, Docket Control No. HSB-3.
United States Bankruptcy Court, E.D. California, Sacramento Division.
May 19, 2011.
RONALD H. SARGIS, Bankruptcy Judge
EXCERPTS:
Macklin refinanced his Wise Road Property in April 2006 and executed a Note and Deed of Trust in favor of Accredited Home Lenders, Inc. It is alleged in the Complaint that subsequently the Note was transferred to unidentified parities and eventually transferred to Deutsche Bank. Several documents for the substitution of the trustee under the Deed of Trust were recorded, and the Deed of Trust was assigned to Deutsche Bank, as indenture trustee for the 2006-2 Trust. The Note and Deed of Trust transfers are summarized as follows:
a. April 14, 2006: $532,000.00 Note. James Macklin Borrower, Accredited Home Lenders, Inc., Lender. Macklin Exhibit 1, Deutsche Bank Exhibit A.
b. April 28, 2006 (recorded) Deed of Trust. James Macklin Borrower/Trustor, Accredited Home Lenders, Inc. Lender, Financial Title Company Trustee, and Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. (“MERS”) Beneficiary solely as the nominee of Lender.
The Deed of Trust states that “Borrower understands and agrees that MERS holds only legal title to the interests granted by Borrower in this [Deed of Trust], but, if necessary to comply with law or custom, MERS (as nominee of Lender and Lender’s successors and assigns) has the right to exercise any or all of those interests, including, but not limited to, the right to foreclose and sell the Property; and to take any action required of Lender including, but not limited to, releasing and cancelling this Security Instrument.” Macklin Exhibit 2.
c. December 8, 2008 (recorded) Notice of Default and Election to Sell under Deed of Trust(dated December 4, 2008). By Windsor Management Co., as agent for MERS. Deutsche Bank Exhibit E.
d. March 10, 2009, 9:31 a.m. (recorded) Substitution of Trustee (dated January 30, 2008, by MERS, notarized March 4, 2009, San Diego, California notary). By MERS, Windsor Management, Co. identified as new trustee under Deed of Trust. Deutsche Bank Exhibit F.
e. March 10, 2009, 9:32 a.m. (recorded) Notice of Trustee’s Sale (dated March 9, 2009). By Windsor Management Co. Deutsche Bank Exhibit G.
f. November 25, 2009 (recorded) Notice of Trustee’s Sale (dated November 12, 2009). By Quality Loan Service Corp. Deutsche Bank Exhibit I.
g. November 25, 2009 (recorded) Substitution of Trustee (dated August 21, 2009, notarized August 21, 2009, Dakota, Minnesota notary). Deutsche Bank, substituting Quality Loan Service Corporation as the trustee under the Deed of Trust. Deutsche Bank Exhibit H.
h. November 30, 2009 (recorded) Assignment of Deed of Trust (dated November 17, 2-[illegible], notarized November 17, 2-[illegible], Salt Lake City, Utah notary) to Deutsche Bank. Deutsche Bank Exhibit J.
i. December 21, 2009 (recorded) Trustee’s Deed Upon Sale. By Quality Loan Service Corporation as grantor/trustee, Deutsche Bank as grantee. Deutsche Bank Exhibit K.
[...]
Civil Code § 2932.5 provides that, where a power of sale for real property is given to a mortgagee or other encumbrancer to secure an obligation, such power of sale may be exercised by the assignee who is entitled to receive payment of the obligation “if the assignment is duly acknowledged and recorded.” If the assignment has not been recorded, then the power cannot be exercised. The application of Civil Code § 2932.5 to all encumbrances, including deeds of trust, works to protect the borrower (trustor), lender (beneficiary), trustee, purchaser at a foreclosure sale, and subsequent owners of the property. Before persons purport to take action and exercise rights under a Deed of Trust, the assignment documenting the acquisition of those rights is recorded with the county recorder. This results in the real property records clearly and unambiguously stating who held the rights and who asserted the rights. This minimizes title disputes years later as to whether a notice of default or notice of sale was given by a properly authorized party and whether the purported sale under the Deed of Trust is void. This imposes the minimalist of burdens on the beneficiary acquiring a Note secured by a Deed of Trust — recording the notice of assignment before purporting to change the trustee or authorize a foreclosure.
In the present case, Macklin and Deutsche Bank have demonstrated that the recording of the assignment of the Deed of Trust post-dated Deutsche Bank recording documents purporting to change the trustee to Windsor Management and then Windsor Management purporting to give a notice of sale. Though there are only days by which Deutsche Bank, 2006-2 failed to record the assignment of the trust deed, a record has been created that someone not of record title purported to take action on a Deed of Trust prior to compliance with Civil Code § 2932.5. Issues of title and the record upon which future generations of owners will reply cannot be subject to a would-you-believe-I-missed-it-by-that-much implied waiver of this statutory requirement.
Macklin has shown a likelihood of prevailing on the issue of the purported foreclosure sale not having been properly conducted, thereby resulting in a void deed. The court issues the preliminary injunction on this ground.
….
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Posted in STOP FORECLOSURE FRAUD0 Comments
Posted on 02 June 2011.
The Salt Lake Tribune-
Federal regulators have ordered Midvale-based Ally Bank to fix significant deficiencies in its foreclosure practices covering a two-year period in which among other things it submitted bogus legal documents for bankruptcies and other court actions.
The order from the Federal Reserve and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. alleges employees of Ally, two sister companies and their parent company, Allied Financial, signed foreclosure documents without reading them — a possibly illegal practice known as “robo-signing.”
Posted in STOP FORECLOSURE FRAUD1 Comment
Posted on 02 June 2011.
Oregon Live-
A late attempt by the finance industry to change Oregon mortgage recording laws is dead.
Oregon House Judiciary co-chair Wayne Krieger opened a hearing this afternoon and said the amendment sought by loan servicers, title companies and credit unions would not pass out of the committee today. Minutes later, the committee voted to approve Senate Bill 519, the bill that the financial industry lobby attempted to amend.
Posted in STOP FORECLOSURE FRAUD1 Comment
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